A central part is played by alpha-function in transforming an
emotional experience into alpha-elements because a sense of reality
matters to the individual in the way that food, drink, air and excretion
of waste products matter. Failure to eat, drink or breathe properly
has disastrous consequences for life itself. Failure to use the
emotional experience produces a comparable disaster in the
development of the personality; I include amongst these disasters
degrees of psychotic deterioration that could be described as death of
the personality. As always, the use of a model, as I am using the
model of the digestive system here, is open to the dangers I discuss
on p. 80. To moderate these dangers and make discussion scientific a
notation to represent emotional experience is required. If the
individual analyst built up for himself an anthology of working
psycho-analytic theory on a foundation of a few good basic theories
well understood and capable, individually and in combination, of
covering a great many of the situations he might expect to meet, it
might help the creation of a notation. What follows is a sketch to
indicate the lines along which progress could be made and which I
have found helpful.
he feelings we know by the names “love” and “hate” would seem to be obvious
choices if the criterion is basic emotion. Envy and Gratitude, Depression,
Guilt, Anxiety, all occupy a dominant place in psycho-analytic theory and would
seem with Sex to be choices to place with love and hate. In fact I prefer three
factors I regard as intrinsic to the link between objects considered to be in
relationship with each other. An emotional experience cannot be conceived of in
isolation from a relationship. The basic relationships that I postulate are (1)
X loves Y; (2) X hates Y; and (3) X knows Y. These links will be expressed by
the signs L, H and K. What realization may exist to which these abstract links,
L, H and K, correspond? Suppose an imaginary situation of a type with which an
analyst is familiar; the patient Smith is talking freely and is cooperative and
friendly; in the course of his associations he mentions that he knows a certain
psycho-therapist, Jones, who is a very stupid man and knows virtually nothing
about psycho-analysis. The patient knows him well and has good reason, he says,
to dislike him. He once treated a friend of his, Mr. May, with shocking results.
His friend's marriage, which had always been harmonious until his friend took up
treatment. … etc. Obviously this is a complex communication. There is a link
between the patient and the analyst; there are various links between the patient
and the psycho-therapist, between patient and his friend, between the patient
and his friend's analyst. For the link between the patient and analyst there is
direct evidence. With regard to the patient's report of the other links the
evidence is mostly indirect although the direct evidence which the session
affords could be used, if thought desirable, to supplement the patient's own
statements. The patient says he knows Jones. Is this to be recorded as Smith K
Jones? He says he dislikes Jones. Should it be Smith H Jones? The patient says
“his friend” Mr. May. Should this then be Smith L May? Or is there some previous
material in the analysis, or some manner or intonation that suggests a link,
Smith L Mrs. May? But perhaps there is some material that suggests there is a
homosexual relationship between Smith and Mr. May? There need be no end to the
questions stimulated by an imaginary episode or limit to the number of answers
for each question. But it is hardly less true to say just that about a real
session. Yet on the answers to the questions, which the analyst begins to
entertain, will depend his interpretation of the direct evidence of the nature
of the transference. It may seem, since the analytic situation is complex, that
there can be no merit in recording it by one of three simple signs. Admitting
that the sign is to express only one part of the emotional experience, the link,
does not the imaginary episode show that either the signs, L, H and K, conceal a
complex link which may have endless varieties under a sign of misleading
simplicity, or, that they define a link with a degree of rigidity which makes
their applications to a real analytical situation a hopeless falsification?
There is no reason for either of these alternatives to be true;
the signs can be related to fact in a way that saves them from
becoming meaningless symbols and can at the same time be
sufficiently abstract to ensure that they are generally and not merely
accidentally applicable to real emotional situations.
The analyst must allow himself to appreciate the complexity of the emotional experience he is required to illuminate and yet restrict his choice to these three links. He decides what the linked objects are and which of these three represents with most accuracy the actual link between them.
如果个案是友善的，联结可以用L 表示。这不是一个充分的表征，因为记录转移关系状态是必须的。在此我的意思是依照我之前建议的系统(本书第49 页第6节)记录转移关系。
If the patient is friendly the link can be represented by L. It is not an adequate representation because it is necessary to record the state of the transference. I save the trouble of saying what I mean by that by recording transference in accordance with the system I suggested earlier (p. 40, para. 6).
我们将可看出，使用HKL 迫使分析师建立会谈的“关键”(“key”），这与使用它们来记录情绪经验不一样；也就是说，对于己知的发生的事，这种用法绝非提供完整的解释。但它引入了一种元素，在任何令人满意的纪录系统(亦即，工作的工具)中，这种元素都是不可或缺的一部分。总结来说，像K 这样一个情绪片断，是一个不完整的纪录，但却是一个分析师思索的好起点。在此观点下，我所描绘的系统，虽然粗造又天真，却是一个记号系统一一事实的纪录以及操作的工具一一不可或缺的基础。
It will be seen that the use of HKL, to force the analyst to establish the “key” of the session is not the same as using it to record an emotional experience; that is to say it is a usage that provides a less than full account of what is known to have happened. But it introduces an element that must be an essential part of any recording system before that system can be regarded as satisfactory, namely the working tool. To sum up an emotional episode as K is to produce an imperfect record but a good starting point for the analyst's speculative meditation. In this respect the system I have sketched out, despite its crudity and naivety, possesses the rudiments of the essentials of a system of notation—record of fact and working tool.
【1】此与上五个词，作者皆以大写表专有名词，除了“性”一词是指佛洛伊德意谓下的概念外，其他，皆代表克莱因理论下的意涵。
【2】皆属基本情绪。
